The Soviet Union And The Cold War - 1789 Words

In 1945, one major war ended and another began. After World War II, the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union were involved in what became known as the Cold War, which was a period of mutual fear and distrust. The war was given the name cold because the two sides never actually came into direct armed conflict; it was a war of words and ideologies rather than a shooting war (Crawford, 2009, p. 6). The Soviet Union and the United States came out from World War II as the new world superpowers, and despite their common victory with the defeat of their enemies, their primary bond was broken. There were deep-rooted ideological, economic, and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union prior to the Second World War. Their differences, most notably their political systems and their visions of a postwar Europe, were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions and during and after the Second World War drove the allied nations into an ideological conf lict that lasted for 45 years. It is difficult to give an exact date for the start of the Cold War, but many historians look back to 1917 during the Bolshevik Revolution for the first signs of U.S.-Soviet rivalry (Clare, 2016). In Russia, members of a rising political party, known as the Bolsheviks, gained control of the country in November 1917. They supported the communist ideologies of Vladimir I. Lenin, who established the Communist Party in Russia in 1919. Communism is a system ofShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a state of economic, diplomatic, and ideological discord among nations without armed conflict. The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR because these were the two major powers after WWII. Basically, the Cold War was a series of proxy wars that had taken place back in time involving surrounding countries. One of the main causes for Cold War was that the Soviet Union was spreading communism and the United States didn’t like that so they were trying to contain communismRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselves through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Union are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s missionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, in fact didn’t take place in the winter season, but was just as dangerously cold and unwelcoming, as it focused on two contrasting powers: the U.S. and the Soviet Union. After World War 2, the Cold War influenced capitalist U.S. and communist So viet Union to engage in disagreements causing many disputes having to use military, economic and humanitarian aid. With different goals, the contrasting powers prove through the Marshall Plan, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and SALT that communismRead MoreThe Cold War And Soviet Union840 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theories and opinions of how the cold war started. Some believe that the cold war was the result of the belligerence of Joseph Stalin and the insecurity it caused in the United States and the West. Others believe the primary responsibility for the cold war derives from the hardline policies of the United States. (Viewpoints Article: the Soviet Union Start the Cold War) I believe The Cold War was triggered by the theory of two superpower countries in a race for dominance in the worldRead MoreCold War And The Soviet Union859 Words   |  4 PagesAMS2270 Cold War This essay will discuss about cold war, including the background, beginning, progress and ending. As we know, cold war is a struggle between U.S. with NATO and Soviet Union with WTO from 1947 to 1991. It is a significant event in history, and it influence the almost all of world, it directly lead to the radical change of eastern Europe and the breakup of the USSR. In 1946 February, George.F.Kennan wrote a â€Å"Long Telegram†, it clearly said the strategy of containing Soviets and itRead MoreThe Cold War On The Soviet Union1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War’s effect on the Soviet Union Shortly after the World War 2 ended, the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies entered the cold war with the Soviet Union. Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1391 Words   |  6 Pageswake of World War II as the decades-long force of Germany’s reign came to its conclusion, an extensive repositioning of authority among the world’s top powers began. The war wielded devastating consequences for most countries involved and effectively diminished the dominance Britain and France once employed across the globe. Out of this devastation rose the two new dominating forces of the world who were triumphant in the aftermath of the war: the U nited States and the Soviet Union. The United StatesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period in world history marked with increased tensions primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries desired to expand their ideologies across the globe, the U.S. urging capitalism and democratic elections and the Soviets promoting communism. After the allies had obtained victory in World War II, the Yalta Conference was held. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to expand his sphere of influence into Eastern Europe and demanded thatRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1343 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: As one of the most important events in 20th century, the Cold War had a very deep influence for the human-being civilization and it changed the world structure . The United States and the Soviet Union ,the two poles, became enemies from friends after the World War II. They adopt hostile attitude towards each other and criticized the the opponents’ social systems. To find out who provoked the Cold War, the US, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdoms ,Roosevelt, Truman ,Stalin, and ChurchillRead MoreThe Soviet Union Of The Cold War1745 Words   |  7 Pages During the era of the Cold War, starting in 1947 and definitively ending in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union faced off in conflicts with each other through smaller states. The United States and Soviet Union faced off to see who could spread their ideology the most in Europe. The Soviet Union used force and supported coups to spread communism while the United States installed democratic governments as a way to counter communism in Eastern Europe. These small conflicts that the two superpowers

Essay on Legal Writing Graded Project 2 - Petitioner

Brown v Board of Ed. Topeka Kansas (1954) by Alexes Mercado http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/early-civilrights/brown.html The 14th Amendment states: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. In the early 1950s, racial segregation in public schools was normal all across America. Although all the schools were†¦show more content†¦Another main argument was that â€Å"separate but equal doctrine† was not effective because the accommodations for blacks’ educational institutions were far inferior to those of white. Expert witness, Dr. Hugh W. Speer testified as follows: ...if the colored children are denied the experience in school of associating with white children, who represent 90 percent of our national society in which these colored children must live, then the colored childs curriculum is being greatly curtailed. The Topeka curriculum or any school curriculum cannot be equal under segregation. The Board of Educations defense was that segregated schools simply prepared black children for the segregation they would face during adulthood. The Board further argued that segregated schools were not necessarily harmful to black children because many great African Americans, such as Booker T. Washington, and George Washington Carver had overcome more than just segregated schools to achieve what they achieved. They also added that even though the 14th Amendment did not specifically include a ban on segregated education, at the time it was enacted, there was no public education system in the country at the time. Therefore, they would argue that the 14th Amendment would naturally not have addressedShow MoreRelatedLegal Writing Graded Project 2 - Petitioner1229 Words   |  5 PagesRE THE MARRIAGE OF SALLY BRIGHT PETITIONER V. MEMORANDUM JOHN BRIGHT RESPONDENT Comes Petitioner, by counsel, and for her Memorandum states as follows: I. FACTS Sally Bright (Petitioner), filed for divorce and custody of 14 year old daughter, Chastity. John Bright (Respondent) also requested custody. The court ordered temporary custody of the minor child to Petitioner and visitation with Respondent every weekend. Petitioner will be moving to another part of the countryRead MoreSexual Harassment Awareness And Prevention7457 Words   |  30 PagesWorkplace 22 DUTIES BEFORE AND AFTER A CLAIM 23 How do I stop sexual harassment? 23 1. First, tell the offender to stop! 29 2. Keep documentation 29 3. Review the Company’s policies 29 4. Report the offense 29 EASY ORDER FORM 34 Final Exam Information 34 Final Exam for Sexual Harassment Awareness 36 Course Objectives: In Sexual Harassment Awareness Prevention, we discuss the legal and ethical duties to those with whom you work to promote and provide a workplace free from all forms of harassment. After

Books of Wisdom Literature - 2161 Words

Ho Man Chan RELI 1301 05 J. Jonathan Kim, Ph.D. 11-12-2010 Books of Wisdom Literature Wisdom Literature is a style of Hebrew literature. It was originated from 6th century BC, when the Israelites in exile after being swept into the AD era. These literary works are such as Wisdom books. Wisdom literature has four main characteristics: 1. The writing time should be after the Israelis were swept and before the birth of Jesus Christ; 2. The contents should focus on ethics, but not designed to focus on theology; 3. The way of expression are mainly the maxim, aphorism, metaphor, fables, poems, eulogy, etc; 4. The writing object is not only limited to Jews. There are five main books of Wisdom Literature, Book of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes,†¦show more content†¦In short, we should use the divine wisdom in our daily lives and provide moral guidance. Try to read more Proverbs and implement it. Finally, we will be able to have a better life which is blessed by the God. Third, many people believe that the writer of Ecclesiastes is a descendant of David which is the king of Jerusalem. It may mean the author is Solomon. The writing time should be before 1000 BC and during the reign of Solomon. Author use evangelist to represent himself, the original meaning of â€Å"evangelist† is convener or assembly spokesman. So, it probably means that he convened a group of audience to listen to his spiritual messages. This book is very loose structure and containing many obscure phrases. Also, many words are unique in the Old Testament which means it is not easy to determine accurately. Many matter, habits and proverbs mentioned in the book were made by metaphor. So, at that time, maybe it is not difficult for the reader to comprehend. However, many readers will be unsure of its meaning nowadays. Nevertheless, the book has a keen observation and criticism of life. It can be attractive for some people to explore the obscure and try to get a deeper wisdom. One of the important contents in this book is the meaningless of life. à ¢â‚¬Å"Prayers on behalf of the dead have no meaning, for nothing can be changed by them. Gods Word shows that the dead no longer have any physical or mental activity (PsalmShow MoreRelatedThe Book Of Job Is A Problematic Piece Of Wisdom Literature1251 Words   |  6 PagesThe Book of Job is a problematic piece of wisdom literature in that it presents a man â€Å"blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil,† (Job 1:1) and proceeds to destroy him in the face of God. God boasts about Job’s exemplary behavior as a loyal servant to a gathering of his sons. When the Adversary, who stood among God’s sons, wagers that Job would curse God if his possessions were decimated, God allows the Adversary to annihilate all that belongs to Job, including his servantsRead MoreA Discussion Of The Old And New Testaments Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesWisdom is generally understood as the right application of knowledge. Moreover, it is regarded as basic to a theological understanding of the twin concepts of Creation and Redemption, and this extends its relevance to both a discussion of the Old and New Testaments. In specific terms Wisdom is associated with Creation and with Redemption in both Testaments as an illustration of its importance in overall Salvation History. Wisdom is generally understood as the right use of knowledge. More than thatRead MoreThe Tradition Of Wisdom And Immortality And How God Rewards The Sufferings Of The Just1549 Words   |  7 PagesWisdom literature is unlike previous wisdom writings in Israel by its thematic approach and emphasis on salvation history and immortality and how God rewards the sufferings of the just. Through these narratives light is thrown on the struggles of Judaism in the Greek and Roman eras, upholding values and the fight against pagan ideas; monotheism versus polytheism (Boadt:1984) There are many examples of Wisdom literature found in the Old Testament including I Kings 20:11; Jeremiah 23:28; 31:29. HistoriansRead MoreTheme Of Oppression In Fahrenheit 451710 Words   |  3 Pagesthe oppression in their society. Bradbury uses alludes to the book of Ecclesiastes to show how there is no individual thought in the Fahrenheit 451 society. He also alludes to Thomas Paine’s book Common Sense because it inspires individual thought and uprise against the government. Last, Bradbury alludes to Henry David Thoreau’s book, Walden to show how the Fahrenheit 451 society should be open to positive change. The use of the book of Ecclesiastes shows oppression in Montags life and those aroundRead MoreThe Form And The Literary Style Of Wisdom1456 Words   |  6 Pagesliterary style of wisdom as presented in Proverbs 11 Wisdom literature within the Old Testament consists of a broad collection of books that reflect on Israel’s religious faith. Within the Catholic designation, seven books that of Proverbs, Job, Psalms, Ecclesiastes (Qoheleth) Song of Songs, Sirach and Wisdom are proffered. These books differ in both style and subject matter, nonetheless they share common characteristics which distinguish them from other biblical books. Wisdom has a focus on divineRead MoreHebrew Teaching on Diligence and Laziness636 Words   |  3 Pagesaddressing the question â€Å"Describe the teachings of Hebrew wisdom on diligence and laziness? How does this correspond with the contrast between wisdom and folly?† we should first answer the question â€Å" What is Hebrew wisdom?† According to The Essence of the Old Testament: A Survey, by Ed Hindson and Gary Yates, â€Å"Hebrew wisdom literature is a certain kind of poetic literature that was used to instruct the young person in the ways of wisdom. Hebrew wisdom tends to be practical and was meant to be applied toRead MoreApproaches to the Figure of Divine Wisdom in the Book of Proverbs1245 Words   |  5 Pageswords] Discussing the contemporary sociological perspective of modern feminism to ‘divine’ wisdom should involve a brief overview of the theology’s focus. McGrath suggests that ‘Feminism is a global movement, arguing for gender equality and a right understanding of the relationship between women and men to be affirmed by contemporary theology and practice’ (McGrath, 2011: p.88). Thus, when discussing wisdom in the scriptures the feminists are observing how gender is represented and the effect ofRead MoreThe Lewis s Place As A Twentieth Century Writer1286 Words   |  6 Pageswas able to cause social change by addressing the issues of his time through literature. As seen in many of his works, such as The Abolition of Man, The Problem of Pain, and, The Chronicles of Narnia, Lewis used to the influence he had over his readers to advocate for the important problems with society during the 20th century. This included, the quality of education in schools, evang elical teaching, and children’s books. His original and imaginative way of writing has caused him to become one ofRead MoreSt. Augustine Confessions Essay778 Words   |  4 Pagesexpectations. It also leads him to confess a lot of guilt for his ungodly life which led to a closer spiritual bond for Augustine with God. The closer to God he became the less he cared for things of this world. I think that he found imaginative literature to be somewhat of an offence because it created a genuine emotional response from a fictional reality. Augustine thought a better use of his time was to read God’s word; because it is beneficial to one’s spirit rather than one’s imagination. HisRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511345 Words   |  6 Pageshear a new story on yet another book being banned for some petty reason, such as ‘protection of children’s innocence’ or ‘offensive content’? Have you thought about where such things will take us and our changing, evolving definition of socializing? If you belong with those who contemplate things, who turn things over in their minds, who don’t allow themselves to use ignorance as a shield from difficult, complex thinking, you may have answered ‘yes’. Knowledge, wisdom, and logical reasoning are important

The Cia And The John F Kennedy Assassination - 2456 Words

The CIA and the John F Kennedy Assassination John F Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, had been drumming up support for the upcoming election. Tragically, he was brutally gunned down by Lee Harvey Oswald. At first glance, this assassination seems like a simple murder. A communist defector simply was angry with JFK and decided to kill him. Many people have failed to notice, however, that the CIA not only had motive to kill JFK, but they also attempted to cover up many details about Lee Harvey Oswald, and JFK in general. If the general populace continues to believe what the CIA wants them to, we will never understand who truly was responsible for his death. The CIA played a large role in John F Kennedy’s death because of the CIA’s motive to kill him, the CIA coverups in the investigation following his death, and promising unfollowed leads that the investigators have ignored. A brief history of the investigations of the JFK murder is required to be able to understand the timeline of events. On November 22, 1963 John F Kennedy was assassinated. Seven days later, Lyndon B Johnson authorized the Warren Commission to perform an investigation of JFK’s murder. After about a year of investigation, the commission determined that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in killing the president; however, this lead to many conspiracy theories about JFK’s death. One popular theory, or the magic bullet theory, states that as both JFK and another passenger were shot, so Oswald couldShow MoreRelatedThe Cia And The John F Kennedy Assassination2436 Words   |  10 PagesThe CIA and the John F Kennedy Assassination The day November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, would soon become known as a tragic day in US history. John F Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, had been drumming up support for the upcoming election. Tragically, he was brutally gunned down by Lee Harvey Oswald. At first glance, this assassination seems like a simple murder. A communist defector simply was angry with JFK and decided to kill him. Many people have failed to notice, howeverRead MoreThe Cia Planned John F. Kennedy s Assassination1101 Words   |  5 Pagessee the credibility of the persuader. Logos is used to appeal to logic using maps, detailed facts, and charts. Finally Pathos, which is used to show sympathy and empathy a reader feels while reading the essay. In the essay, â€Å"The CIA Planned John F. Kennedy’s Assassination,† author Steven Hager, editor of High Times magazine uses many examples of the three elements to help illustrate the specific details in his article. To begin, Hager used ethos in his essay to help his readers be convinced theRead MoreNoah Cooper. Mrs. Sites. English 10A. 15 April 2017. Lee1749 Words   |  7 Pageswhen he was shot and thus silenced (â€Å"The JFK Assassination† 2.) The assassination of John F. Kennedy has been a topic of debate for many years. The aforementioned quote is a prime example of why many individuals feel the JFK assassination was a conspiracy. The particulars of the JFK assassination are sometimes hazy, but the essentials of the assassination are well founded. The ideas disproving the involvement of other individuals in the assassination of JFK are fairly abundant. On the other handRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Assassination1739 Words   |  7 Pages John F Kennedy grew up in a wealthy and very political family. His assassination was a shock to many. It was a time of Cold War and the peak of US involvement in Vietnam. It is important to understand the John F. Kennedy regime including both its national and foreign policy. You also need to look into his personal life. This would help to create motives, and find the primary aspect to consider when looking into any homicide, assassination or murder. He was the first president who was a Bo y ScoutRead MoreThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy1076 Words   |  4 Pages The assassination of John F. Kennedy is one of the most controversial and debated topics in American History. JFK was one of the most beloved presidents of our time. It was November 22, 1963 when JFK was assassinated. Unlike previous presidential assassinations, the JFK assassination is the most conspiracies of all time. The theories are the Government cover up, Mafia influence and Cuban President Fidel Castro. Imagine one person can do all this planning which Lee Harvey Oswald. There is no wayRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1242 Words   |  5 PagesBlown Away, What Else Do I Have to Say?†- Billy Joel, â€Å"We Didn’t Start the Fire† How the CIA Killed JFK November 22nd, 1963: The assassination of President John F. Kennedy is an event in American history that will forever as one of the nation’s darkest days. The brutal murder of the President is seemingly terrible enough, but suspicious decisions of the federal government in regards to investigating the assassination alienated American youths from being able to trust the government, and is partiallyRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza.[1] Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally s wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964Read MoreTo Kill A Kennedy954 Words   |  4 Pagesassassinating President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Today, the vast majority of Americans believe Oswald’s words, claiming that there was more behind the tragic assassination than the United States government once portrayed. Many have disregarded everything the government had told the world and have come up with their own theories, forming the greatest conspiracy in the history of America, a conspiracy that the world is still butting heads about. With the assassination of P resident Kennedy, the United StatesRead MoreConspiracy Theories Related to the Assassination of John F. Kennedy1200 Words   |  5 PagesStates of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with the crime, but was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby before he could be taken to trial. The Warren Commission officially determined that Oswald was the lone assassin, however, this conclusion has not been accepted by many. In fact, a 2003 poll reported that 75% of Americans do not believe that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone. Most believe that the assassination was the result ofRead MoreCauses and Effects of the Assassination of John F. Kennedy Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagespresident, John F. Kennedy always motivated and encouraged America to strive for the best. Until a horrible silence struck the American people, he was removed from society in 1963. There were many believed causes regarding Kennedy’s death. There is the belief that Oswald shot him as a lone gun man. There are also other theories that state that there could have been more than one gun man. Some people even believe that the CIA is hiding the real story. Some effects of the assassination were fatal to

Haunukkah Free Essays

Hanukkah is an eight day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the holy temple in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean revolt of the second century BCE. This holiday is observed for eight nights and eight days, starting at the 25th day of Kislev according to the Hebrew calendar. Which is around late November or late December according to the Gregorian calendar. We will write a custom essay sample on Haunukkah or any similar topic only for you Order Now This museum exhibit will have paintings, artifacts and accurate information on Hanukkah. I will also include all the Jewish holidays to show where Hanukkah falls in theses major events in history. It is important for me to give credit to all the events that gave way to Hanukkah not only before but after Hanukkah. The second Jewish temple was an important Jewish holy temple which stood on the temple mount in Jerusalem during the second temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. It replaced the first temple which was destroyed in 586 BCE, when the Jewish nation was exiled to Babylon. The destruction of the second temple and its plunder by the Roman Legions marked the beginning of the Israel’s long exile, which ended the birth of the state of Israel. The Hanukkah menorah is, strictly speaking, a nine-branched candelabrum lit during the eight-day holiday of Hanukkah, as opposed to the seven-branched menorah used in the ancient Temple or as a symbol. The ninth holder, called the Shamash (â€Å"helper† or â€Å"servant†), is for a candle used to light all other candles and/or to be used as an extra light. The menorah is among the most widely produced articles of Jewish ceremonial art. The seven-branched menorah is a traditional symbol of Judaism. The Star of David is a six-pointed star made up of two triangles superimposed over each other. In Judaism it is often called the Magen David, which means the â€Å"shield of David† in Hebrew. It doesn’t have any religious significance in Judaism but it is one of the symbols most commonly associated with the Jewish people. Many Jews wear jewelry with the Star of David as part of the design and the flag of Israel has a blue Star of David in the center. In many ways it has come to be a symbol of unity. Hanukkah food is rooted in tradition and almost all Hanukkah recipes stem from the history associated with it. Traditional Hanukkah foods include ried or baked foods as the festival itself celebrates the miracle of a small amount of olive oil burning for eight long days. Potato pancakes popularly known by its Yiddish name, Latkes are an all-time favorite and these Hanukah foods are prepared by deep frying it in oil preferably olive oil. A dreidel is a four-sided spinning top with a Hebrew letter on each side. It is used during Hanukkah to play a popular childrenâ€⠄¢s game that involves spinning the dreidel and betting on which Hebrew letter will be showing when the dreidel stops spinning. Reference (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hanukkah (n. d. ). Retrieved from www. templeinstitute. org/gallery_32. htm (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Menorah_(Hanukkah) Pelaia, A. (n. d. ). Does the Star of David have religious significance in Judaism? Retrieved from http://judaism. about. com/od/judaismbasics/a/starofdavid. htm Pelaia, A. (n. d. ). What is a dreidel? . Retrieved from http://judaism. about. com/od/holidays/a/dreidel. htm How to cite Haunukkah, Papers

Spain Essay Research Paper SpainSpain a country free essay sample

Spain Essay, Research Paper Spain Spain a state in southwesterly Europe, busying a large portion of the Iberian Peninsula. Bounded on the North by the Bay of Biscay, France, on the E by the Mediterranean Sea ; on the South by the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean ; and on the West by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Madrid is the capital and largest metropolis. Spain occupies about 85 per centum of the Iberian Peninsula and is surrounded by H2O for about 88 per centum of its boundary ; its Mediterranean seashore is about 1660 kilometer long, and its Atlantic seashore is about 710 kilometers long. The most of import environmental characteristic of Spain is the great, about treeless, cardinal tableland, called the Meseta Central, inclining by and large downward from north to south and from east to west, and with an mean lift of about 2000 foot above sea degree. Between many of the mountains are narrow vales, drained by rapid rivers. The coastal field is narrow. The highest point in Spain is Pico de Teide 3715 m/12,188 foot on Tenerife Island in the Canary Islands. The lowest point is sea degree along the seashore. The chief rivers of Spain flow West and South to the Atlantic Ocean, usu. along deep, bouldery river Bankss that they have cut through the mountain vales. Most Spanish watercourses are excessively little for interior pilotage, and, with classs below the general land degree, are of small usage for irrigation. The rivers are, nevertheless, a good beginning of electric power. The clime of Spain is marked by extremes of temperature and, except in the North, by and large low rainfall, and the varied physical characteristics of the state make for climatic differences. The clime is most gratifying along the Atlantic seashores, which are usu. moistness and cool. The cardinal tableland has summers so waterless that about all the watercourses dry up, the Earth parches, and drouth is common. Most of Spain receives less than 24 in of precipitation per twelvemonth ; the northern mountains get a batch more wet. Madrid the capitol of Spain in winter cold can stop dead environing watercourses, while summer temperatures can lift every bit high as 120. F. The most valuable natural resource of Spain is her dirt, with about tierce of Spain suited for harvest growth. The state besides has many mineral resources, including difficult and brown coal, little crude oil and natural gas sedimentations, Fe ore, U, quicksilver, pyrites, fluorite, gypsum, Zn, lead, tungsten, Cu, and potassium hydroxide. The Spanish people are a mixture of peoples of the Iberian Peninsula with the consecutive peoples who conquered the peninsula and occupied it for extended times. These added people include the Romans, and the Suevi, . Several cultural groups in Spain have kept a separate individuality. These include the Catalans ( 16 per centum of the population ) , who live largely in the nor-east and on the eastern islands. The Galicians ( 8 per centum ) , who live in northwesterly Spain. Spain at the 1991 nose count was 38,872,268. The estimation for 1997 is 39,107,912, giving the state an overall denseness of 77 individuals per 200 per sq. myocardial infarction. Spain is progressively urban, with 77 per centum of the population in towns and metropoliss. Roman Catholicism is believed by about 97 per centum of the population. The degree Celsius ountry is divided into 11 metropolitan and 52 vote countries. Once, Roman Catholicism was the established church, but the 1978 fundamental law decreed that Spain should hold no province faith, while acknowledging the function of the Roman Catholic Church in Spanish society. There are little communities of Protestants, Jews, and Muslims. In the 1994-1995 school twelvemonth Spain s preprimary schools were attended by 1.1 million students, primary schools by 2.4 million, and secondary schools ( including high schools ) by 4.7 million. About 30 per centum of all kids receive their instruction in the Roman Catholic school system. Any information on Spanish civilization must emphasize the importance of faith in the history of the state and in the life of each individual. Spain is an influence of Roman Catholicism and provided the mystical component in the art and literature of Spain, the impressive list of its saints, and the big figure of spiritual peoples and orders. The Catholic matrimony is the footing of the household, which in bend is the foundation of Spanish society. Fetes are an outstanding characteristic of Spanish life. They normally begin with a High Mass followed by a emanation in which images are carried on the shoulders of the participants. Music, dance, and singing frequently enliven these colourful occasions. The corrida, so of import a portion of Spanish tradition, has been called a fete brava. It is far more than a mere witness athletics to Spaniards ; fans applaud non merely the courage of the toreros but their manner and prowess besides. Spain has traditionally been an agricultural state and is still one of the largest manufacturers of farm merchandises in Western Europe, but since the mid-1950s industrial growing has been rapid. A series of development programs, initiated in 1964, helped the economic system to spread out, but in the subsequently 1970s an economic lag was brought on by lifting oil costs and increased imports. The authorities emphasized the development of steel, ship building and excavation industries. Spain derives much income from touristry. The gross domestic merchandise in 1996 was $ 581.6 billion. The national budget in 1994 included grosss of $ 150.6 billion and outgos of $ 184.7 billion. On January 1, 1986, Spain became a full member of the European Community now the European Union. In the late 1970s the authorities of Spain underwent a transmutation from the autocratic government of Francisco Franco ( who ruled from 1939 to 1975 ) to a limited monarchy with an influential parliament. A national fundamental law was adopted in 1978. The clime, beaches, and historic metropoliss of Spain are an attractive force for tourers, which make a important part to the state s economic system. Spain received 41.3 million visitants in 1996, doing it one of the universe s top tourer finishs. The $ 4.9 billion tourers spent helped do up for Spain s considerable trade shortage. The Spanish labour force included 16.8 million people. Some 33 per centum were employed in fabrication, excavation, and building ; 12 per centum in agribusiness, forestry, and fishing ; and 55 per centum in services. Unemployment soared every bit high as 22.9 per centum during this period. In the early 1990s, approximately 10 per centum of Spain s work force were nonionized.