Objectives of Islamic Economics - 2113 Words

Table on Content: †¢ Indruduction p.2 †¢ Objectives of Islamic Economics o Right of Property p. 3 o The problem if equality p. 3-4 o Social Justice p. 4 †¢ Characteristics of Islamic Economics o Production of Wealth p.5 o Distribution of Wealth†¦show more content†¦Anyone who takes possession of the earth’s natural resources and puts them to good use acquires a rightful title over them. For instance, if somebody takes possession of an uncultivated piece of land, on which nobody has a prior right of ownership, and makes productive use of it, he cannot be arbitrarily dispossessed of that piece of land. This is how every right of ownership originated in the world. When man first appeared, everything was available to everyone, and whoever took possession of anything and made it useful in any manner became its owner; that is to say, he acquired the right to use it specifically for his own purpose and to obtain compensation from others if they wanted to use it. This is the natural basis of all the economic activity of mankind. THE PROBLEM OF EQUALITY Allah has not distributed His gifts and favor equally among mankind but, in His infinite wisdom, has given some individuals more than others. Just as this is true of pleasantness of voice, excellence of physique and intellectual power and so on, so, too, is it the case with the material conditions of life. Human existence has been so ordained that divergence, variety and inequality among men in their ways and standards variety and inequality among men in their ways and standards of living seems to be natural. Variety is the spice of life, and the driving spirit of behind human endeavour and excellence Islam desires that no legal, functional or traditional handicaps should exist inShow MoreRelatedThe Methodology Of Islamic Economics And Positive Economics1500 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Methodology of economics has been an essential part in constructing the fundamental economic theories and hypotheses. It has been a subject of research by economists and become their interest in answering empirical problems of human beings. It becomes a main framework of positivists in developing their thought on economic system. The methodology also utilized in developing Islamic economic to build self and distinct system than the existing conventional economic due to several differentiationsRead MoreObjectives of Macroeconomics1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Macroeconomics Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics 1.1 INTRODUCTION †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Economics is divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Macro means large, and micro means small. Microeconomics takes a close-up view of the economy by concentrating on the choices made by individual participants in the economy such as consumers, workers, business managers and investors. Microeconomics stresses on the role of prices in business and personal decisionsRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of Islamic Banks1563 Words   |  7 Pagessecondary, and tertiary sources. RESULTS The Islamic banking industry has come a long way in issues of corporate governance. However, Islamic banks need to be at the forefront of pioneering innovative, impactful, and far-reaching social responsibility and corporate governance practices since for starters, they are faith-based institutions. Islamic banks need to stop resting on their laurels and stop playing catch up in these domains. Moreover, Islamic banks need to deal conclusively with the arrayRead MoreHow Do Muslim Economists Define Islamic Economics?856 Words   |  4 Pageshealthy society must have a functioning economic system. Justice and practicality are the main standards that Islam based on and any successful economic system has to be built on them. The objective of these standards is to avoid the enmity between different socio- economic parts. Islam focuses on spirit of the economic system, which means the main concern of the Islamic economic system is not the precise amount of profit and loss and other economic statistics. Islam has two main sourcesRead MoreHow Islamic Management s Methodology And Construct1642 Words   |  7 Pages‘corporate culture’ (Hamidi, 2006). In an empirical study conducted in Bangladesh by Hossain, a positive relationship discovered between organisational performance and the knowledge and principles of Islamic Management practiced by the organisation (Sulaiman et al., 2014). Therefore, we will look into how Islamic management’s methodology and construct, in comparison to conventional management, able to shape individual and organisational behaviours as well as work and business ethics, towards achieving ultimateRead MoreBanking Sectors and Financial Crisis in the UAE and GCC Countries890 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Banking Sectors Financial Crisis in the UAE GCC Countries Chapter Two Table of Contents I. UAE GCC Countries Economy Overview Overview of the Banking Sector. Islamic and conventional Banking principles. The structure of Islamic Banking in UAE GCC Countries Islamic Banks operating in the UAE GCC Countries Central Bank Federal Law II. The financial crisis in the UAE GCC Countries. Causes of the financial crisis. Effects of the financial crisis. Banking Sector beforeRead MoreWeekly Schedule1363 Words   |  6 Pages MBA CLASS OF 2016 SEMESTER II (S II) LIST OF COURSES BEING OFFERED Code Units Course Title Instructor BII FMG IE MACS ME OM 0.5 1 0.5 1 1 1 Business Integration and Innovation Financial Management Islamic Ethics Managerial Accounting and Control Systems Managerial Economics Operations Management Jamshed H Khan Syed Mubashir Ali Kamran Rashid Ayesha Bhatti / M Junaid Ashraf Tanveer Shehzad Hassan Rauf / Syed Zahoor Hassan SULEMAN DAWOOD SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MBA PROGRAMME CLASS OFRead MoreAaoifi997 Words   |  4 PagesInternational Standards for Islamic Finance AAOIFI – Introduction AAOIFI IFRS - Comparison on structural objectives AAOIFI IFRS - Categories of accounting standards for Islamic financial institutions AAOIFI IFRS - Examples of main differences Adoption of AAOIFI Standards How AAOIFI Standards Support Islamic Finance Industry www.aaoifi.com For more information on the Institute of Management Accountants, visit www.imanet.org AAOIFI – Introduction †¢ Responsible for formulation and issuanceRead MoreReligiosity And Islamic Consumer Behavior Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pages Religiosity and Islamic Consumer Behavior Name: Institution: â€Æ' Introduction Consumer behavior is the process by which individuals seek, decide, procure, utilize and dispose of products so as to satisfy their needs and wants. Consumer behavior is attracting interest from scholars especially the marketing psychologists. The concept is important to marketing because it reveals why, when and how consumers make the decisions to buy. Many factors influence consumer behavior, for example, theRead MoreIslamic World View Beyond Islamic Development Strategy Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesIslamic World View Beyond Islamic Development Strategy, Is It There? Introduction Allan Bullock and S.Trombley (1999) refer ‘worldview’ to a general conception of the nature of the world, particularly as containing or implying a system of value-principles. What constructs such a system of value-principles may vary depending on each fundamental belief. It becomes essential to know the various type of worldview as it helps us to comprehensively understand our own worldview and gain insight from others

Headaches Their Causes And Effects Essay - 639 Words

All of us suffer from an occasional headache; in fact, 20 million Americans see their doctors each year because of headaches. Headaches are also the leading cause for missing school and work in this country. There are many different types of headaches ranging from just ordinary pain, to pain associated with a disorder or serious medical condition. Iamp;#8217;d like to discuss the worst type of headache. The type of headache Iamp;#8217;d like to discuss, the Migraine, although intense in its pain, is not associated with a medical condition or injury. The Migraine is a recurring throbbing headache, affecting only one side of the head and often accompanied by many symptoms. Although many people use the word amp;#8220;Migraine; to†¦show more content†¦This is supposedly due to the hormonal imbalance during that time. So, what can we do to prevent Migraines? Because Migraine headaches can recur for years and medication may lead to side effects and rebound headaches prevention is the key aspect in the management of migraines. Pay close attention to your diet. See if avoiding certain foods can prevent a migraine. The three Camp;#8217;s- Cheese, chocolate and citrus are the most common foods which trigger migraines. Iamp;#8217;d like to discuss sleep habits. While itamp;#8217;s important to get enough rest, avoid oversleeping as well. Itamp;#8217;s best to go to bed and get up at about the same time each day, since this helps to regulate and stabilize the brainamp;#8217;s important biological clocks. To make up for loss of sleep after a late night, rest or nap later in the day if necessary. Has anyone ever read the ingredients of Excedrin? Well if you have youamp;#8217;d have noticed that Excedrinamp;#8217;s three active ingredients are: Acetaminophen (which is Tylenol), Asprin and surprisingly enough, Caffeine. I remember a day last year around the time that we had finals, when my sister, Iamp;#8217;m not just blaming her, it was really her fault, bought these pills named Vivavrin. As soon as I took one of these pills my head began to throb and I, who have a long family history of migraines, received one. Now, if Caffeine triggers Migraines, why would aShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of A Migraine Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pages A migraine is a disease that affects the body specifically the head, and it is count as one of the diseases that produce a headache and another kind of pains in the head and the body. This Migraine has many types and it is a chronic disease which keeps the effects remain for a long time. Some of the things that could happen to who has or about to have a migraine are vomiting, nausea, sensitivity to the light and sound and can include flashesRead MoreHeadaches and Alternative Treatment Options Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesHeadaches and alternative treatment options†¦ Almost everyone has experienced a headache in their lives. It is top of the list for most common pains, and possibly the major underlying excuse in your life if you miss something. It may come up suddenly while you are sitting at your desk and working on a challenging task, at a stressful moment, or even at your sleep! You may feel a belt is tightened around your head or can even be a throbbing type of pain. Some of the headaches are periodic andRead MoreMigraine Headaches : Symptoms And Symptoms1351 Words   |  6 PagesMigraine Headaches: One Condition, Different Perspectives Migraine headaches are not normal headaches. They are often a chronic, on-and-off condition, causing sufferers various issues in all aspects of life. School and work become more difficult, and lives are disrupted. In order to reduce the effect of migraine headaches on Americans, it is important to understand the condition and its effects. Understanding Migraine Headaches Migraine headaches are very different from typical headaches. TheyRead MoreTeen Stress Effects1119 Words   |  5 Pageshas many effects on teenagers including their physical, emotional and mental health. Stress is defined as a state of distress due to an environmental factor, and with this comes a raised heart rate and blood pressure (Suldo). There are a few physical effects related to stress on the body. With other symptoms comes aches and pains, â€Å"allergic† reactions and a lack of sleep (Rowh). When teens are stressed, they can start to feel headaches. These headaches are typically known as tension headache, and theRead MoreCaffeine Addiction Essay800 Words   |  4 Pagesto it and that caffeine can damage the body and brain. There are a few positive and negative psychological effects of caffeine on the human body. Positive psychological effects are concentration, focus, attention, improves memory, in some studies, and alertness. Negative psychological effects are anxiety, depression, irritable, and addiction. Some physiological effects are nausea, headache, restless, hypertension, and tremors. It is important for researching caffeine addiction because most peopleRead MoreMigraines And Society : Symptoms And Symptoms1689 Words   |  7 Pagesbut most people do not know the difference between headaches and migraines. Migraines are known as an â€Å"invisible illness† because there are not any physical effects i.e. rash, blisters or vomiting. Migraines can be triggered by many things. One major trigger is light, certain types of lights or lighting can cause even more damage to those suffering from migraines. LED lights and strobe lights are one of the most common types of lights that cause migraine sufferers to experience discomfort. The brightnessRead More Migraines: That Ache In Your Head Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesThat Ache In Your Head Have you ever had a headache? That pounding pain that would not go away, it was probably a headache, however there is another type of headache that happens to one side of the head and could also cause nausea, sensitivity to light, sound or odors. Also accompanying the migraine is a aura, which could be flashes of light, or temporally lose your vision, in any case it is a visual impairment. (1) Migraines differ from headaches because a migraine is a neurological disease.Read MoreOil Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesMedicine prescriptions for headaches and migraines often have side effects on the users. Essential oils, on the other hand, offer relief to with reduced side effects. These oils also have other associated benefits such as giving relief from stress, reducing tension and also ease any pain that may be suffered. However, caution must be taken not to swallow the oil o apply it directly to the skin. But what are essential oils? These are liquids extracted from various parts of plants such as leaves,Read MorePathogenesis of Menstural Migraines Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesA migraine is a common, chronic, and debilitating neurovascular disorder. It is characterized by attacks of serve headache along with autonomic nervous system dysfunction and some patients an aura neurological symptom (Goadsby, Lipton, Ferrari, 2002). Migraine attacks start at any age but they peak in the early to mid adolescence age. Migraines rates were observed for a year and the results showed the prevalence of migraines being 11% overall, 6% among men and 15-18% in women(Stewart WF, LiptonRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Migraine Insomnia1636 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Migraine headaches are chronic neurological ailments that affect approximately 12% of patients in the United States and cost businesses nearly $13 billion in missed workdays each year. Managing migraine headaches is important for workplace productivity, as well as maintaining a high quality of life. Most commonly, patients begin their quest for management with over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or Advil, which are first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraine. Sumatriptan

What is positivism Free Essays

Positivism Is a well established philosophy wealth the natural sciences. In the early nineteenth century It became an integral aspect of social science methodology. In Bacon tradition, positivism is the precise and objective observation of an object from a scientifically detached position. We will write a custom essay sample on What is positivism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though its definition is broad, there are fundamentally six assumptions in positivistic philosophy and three distinct generations that negotiate with these assumptions. Naturalism; positivists are committed to the implication of the natural scientific teeth in social science. The natural scientific method creates a ‘closed system’ in which a limited number of discrete variables are identified, influences are excluded, cause and effect Is established, and excellently law or authoritative knowledge Is constructed. No acknowledgement of open systems as a feature of both natural and social science Is made. Phenomenal; only knowledge gained from physical experience Is considered valid. Otherwise It Is metaphysical and meaningless. If It cannot be subject to empirical tests and corroborated, it does not exist. Happiness, for example, by this criterion, is meaningless. Nominal; again concepts must be rooted in physical actuality. Words are mere reflections of things, semantics are dismissed. Scientific concepts are regarded as true reflections of the world instead. Atomics; attempts definition of discrete irreducible objects. An individual would by this criterion, be the smallest unit of society. 19th century utilitarian maxim ‘greater good for greater number’ placed special emphasis on this assumption. Scientific laws; a sequence of regularities in objects are sought and named a constant conjunction of events. A general statement Is then devised citing one variable as the cause, the other as the effect. E. G. : Ill health as the cause for poverty. The problematic, Internal structure of these objects Is not examined. Universal law Is established. Facts and Values: facts only are scientific, distinct then from subjective and relative values which cannot be verified by empirical measurement. The first generation of positivists, in response to European chaos, devised a confident Sino of knowledge as human made, not divine construction and so open to critical enquiry. Augusta Comet directed early positivist thought in the social sciences. He made a naturalist assumption that through social physics, social cohesion could be attained which would then lead to civic harmony. With positivist philosophy intent, he meant to serve the needs of humanity through objective intellectual enquiry. Comet believed that all knowledge could be reconstructed and a better world created. Human reason could subject social phenomena to natural laws and achieve regress. The method of Induction I. E. He construction of knowledge through the collection of empirical evidence from observed regular instances, would play a early positivistic claim to objective knowledge was very ambitious and modified by the next generation of logical positivists. Prominent in the Vienna Circle, these philosophers placed greater emphasis on the sensory world as automatically composed of separate irreducible objects. Conscious of previous translation of value into fact and failure to separate t heories from observation they had a more acute awareness of language and its tendency to, even in simple statements, have normative assumptions. Logical positivists were careful to make distinctions between statements. Two connected types were identified: analytic and synthetic. An analytic statement such as ‘all bachelors are unmarried’ is a tautological truth whereas the synthetic there are more bachelors in London than anywhere else’ tells us something about the world. It can be empirically tested and refuted. Logical positivists’ favoring of the induction method, with its assumption of rabbles’ passivity posed a difficulty for the next generation of philosophers, the standard positivists. Nominal was the prominent assumption for this school of thought. Hempen, acknowledging the role of meaning, championed the idea of deduction over induction. Deduction involves abstract reasoning. It sees thought processes, not a general law as initial in devising empirical research. These positivists see empirical regularity as sufficient in creating a causal law. They see symmetry in explanation and prediction. These causal laws can be empirically tested and verified. Popper on the other hand saw verification as leading to stagnation. In mid 20th century he proposed instead the idea of falsification which encourages systematic skepticism of all knowledge claims. Moving away from induction’s ‘common sense’ science, Popper begins with an assumption of uncertainty. Truth to Popper is a matter of degree, of verisimilitude, not an absolute. Popper shifts the demarcation criteria of science and non-science. He adopts naturalism but challenges the logical positivist view of the meta-physical as meaningless. To Popper, there is no true or false, but testability. He held that a search for truth was a search for the end of knowledge, which was contrary to his view of knowledge as continual. He saw the practice of refuting evidence as integral to progress. Popper understood research’s vulnerability to false claims, the complexity of the fact/ value distinction. Our awareness of the power of social construction over our perceptions is more astute these days but it is imperative that we situate ourselves and know that we are as shaped by context as ever. How to cite What is positivism, Papers

Preparing for Future Leadership free essay sample

As of January 7th 2016, African American females only make up two percent of medical doctors in the United States. Two percent is a discouraging number for majority of black women but I know that Clark Atlanta University will fulfill my plans of being a part of this growing percentage. Clark Atlanta University is my key to a career along with other young black females. Receiving my doctorate degree from a historically black college (HBCU) would exceed the expectations I set for myself while furthering my knowledge and leadership roles in society. Learning from a university that was built upon historically black figures is an experience that will give me the platform to lead African American females in society today. Beginning the start of my career at Clark is putting me one step closer to my future goals of being in the medical field. Specifically, accomplishing these goals will set a positive example for other young black women to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Preparing for Future Leadership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being a role model to African American women is also where my leadership skills could be improved. Although I will be an undergraduate I plan to work towards my bachelors of science and continue my education until I have received my PHD. With this knowledge I can improve the health of the people while saving the lives of my community with the education this university has to offer me. I am aware I will be facing tough challenges and obstacles but I am most certain with the support your campus has to offer I will be able to accomplish anything that crosses my path. Success is something I strive for on a daily basis, and as a student in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) academy I have been well prepared to take on the challenge of attending the rigorous courses this university provides. After visiting the campus I can conclude I am comfortable with the environment and surroundings of the campus. The black community and black culture is well respected and honored at Clark Atlanta University. Growing up as a black female has caused others to feel I am incapable of reaching my dreams in the world. My race and sexuality should not be used to determine my place in society and what I can contribute to the medical field. Attending this university will allow me to branch out and strive for what I believe in. Clark Atlanta University will prepare me for success, enhance my learning, and elevate my knowledge as I enter adulthood.

My role as a Social Worker free essay sample

Living a life as a social worker can be a very interesting but stressful job. With this particular career comes the good with the bad and one must be very careful while out in the field. I would like to become a social worker for abused and neglected children as I have a passion for our children of the world today. Also to take on a case of a child whom has been abused or neglected will put a mark in my heart but as a professional I must still follow the code of ethics. A social worker’s duties can expand amongst a number of jobs but are all within the same means. Social work is a profession for individuals with a strong desire to help improve people’s lives. As a social worker we actually help people function the best way possible within their environment, deal with certain relationships, and most of all solve personal and family problems. We will write a custom essay sample on My role as a Social Worker or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We often see clients facing social problems, life threatening diseases, or even abuse or neglect amongst an adult or child. This is primary the ethical part of becoming a social worker, to help people in need and by addressing the social problem. These services are rendered from the knowledge, value, and skills learned prior to submitting such work. Most social workers are encouraged to volunteer some of their professional skills with no expectation of any financial obligation (â€Å"An Introduction to Social Problems†, pg. 11). With all being the case there are more moral responsibilities I would have to take on as a leader in being a social worker. Another thing is that as a social worker we challenge social injustice and by doing so we pursue social change, mainly focusing on vulnerable and oppressed individuals and groups of people. The issues which are focused mostly on within injustice would be poverty, discrimination, unemployment, and other forms of social injustice. Also within social injustice comes the thinking and knowledge to respect and understand each individual cultural and ethnic diversity. This list can go on and on when pertaining to becoming a social worker because you must also respect the inherent dignity and worth of a person. Knowing that we all come from many different cultures and have many different diversity backgrounds but again as a worker must always respect the individual. Remaining professional at all times is a must so you must recognize the importance of human relationships. Always behave in a trustworthy manner as everything has a rule and regulation to it. With all tied up in one social workers must act in an honest and responsible manner and always promote ethical practices on behalf of the organizations affiliated with. And last but not least practicing within the areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise some of the codes will then become broken. (â€Å"An Introduction to Social Problems†, pg. Being that all duties of a social worker has been outlined I would still be sure to follow a very strict format when dealing with any client as all are treated equally. I do understand each case is different but since we are dealing with people lives there are still many ethical concerns when working on cases. I will build a professional only relationship with my client because although we are not supposed to be on a personal note, I would want my client to feel very comfortable and open with me to get the case resolved in a timely manner. Office visits only will be permitted, no meeting outside of work grounds as then it does becomes unethical. If you plan to become or even remain to be a social worker there are many rules and regulations to abide by and most definitely respect. In essence I choose the field of social worker to assist and help the abused and neglected children within my area and while pursuing such degree I plan to study and learn as many different valuable piece of information which will guide and help me succeed in the near future on my career path and journey.

The Alliance System and the New Imperialism essays

The Alliance System and the New Imperialism essays During the 19th and 20th century an abundance of change was occurring within the world in terms of the bonding and binding of alliance systems. France would quickly intertwine itself with different countries in order to form alliances to offer a form of security, strength, and wealth for the countries in the alliance as well as themselves. At the same time, there was a race for the empire, which would gain fuel through expansionism of other empires. Additionally, major imperialist activities would occur. Through fear and concern for security, strength, and wealth colonial holdings would increase. The combination of these elements and the binding of the countries through alliances would eventually help lead to the individual countries involvement in World War I (WWI) and the reasoning France had several different alliances with other countries. France was a great ally and had the economic, political, and military strengths that proved useful in the battle against Germany and Austria-Hungary. France even had a secret alliance with Italy that led to Italy aiding France in the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary. There were other alliances like the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1892 this agreement was formed with Russia. In the Franco-Russian agreement, if Germany or its ally Italy were to attack France, Russia would come to the aid and defend France. The same thing applies to Russia if the scenario occurred for them. The next agreement was the Entente Cordiale of 1904, which helped to end conflict between Great Britain and France. This agreement in no way made Great Britain or France an alliance with each other, or force Great Britain to commit support to Russia. This was more of an agreement than real formal alliance; however, the Triple Entente of 1907 changed the original alliance of the Entente Cordiale of 1904 and added Russia. Now they were the Triple Entente and stood in opposi...

Legal Memoradum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal Memoradum - Essay Example First, the subsistence of the situational constraint (the contract) is expected to be predominantly significant, which makes a cause more likely to be professed as causal. Yes, Mr. Moran can claim damages from the two companies namely, Mining Inc and Irving Cooper, Mr. Moran just need to file the commenced actions in the State of New York because he signed the negotiation with Mining Inc in Manhattan, and at the same he also have to file for the commenced actions in Minnesota because the principal company of Coal is there. We just received a frantic telephone call from our client, Coal Corp.. (a Colorado corporation) with its principal place of business in Minnesota. In September, 2004 Coal entered into a written contract with Mining, Inc. (a Montana corporation with its principal place of business in Montana) and Irving Cooper (a private entrepreneur who resides in New Jersey) pursuant to which Mining and Mr. Cooper agreed to manufacture and install for Coal a large quantity of electronic mining equipment which Coal needs in Minnesota. Joseph Moran (who resides in Butte, Montana) executed a written guarantee in which he guaranteed the due and prompt performance by Mining and Cooper under the contract. Moran sent the guarantee to Mining in Minnesota and Mining delivered the guarantee to Coal at the time the contract was executed. Mining and Cooper manufactured some of the equipment in its Minnesota specialty plant and installed that equipment. Mining and Cooper, however, have failed to perform several of their material obligations under the contract. As a result of their breach Coal has sustained, in its estimation, more than $1,000,000 in damages. Mining and Coal negotiated the contract in Manhattan. The contract which Mining and Coal executed at Kennedy Airport provides that any action for breach must be commenced within two years from the date of the breach. Cooper executed the contract the same day in New Jersey and sent it to Coal in Minnesota. The guarantee has a similar clause requiring that an action on the guarantee he brought within two ears fi-om the date of any breach of the contract (Cheeseman, 2004). According to the preliminary information we received, the initial breach of contract occurred two years ago today. Moran claims that John Rich (who now resides in St. Paul but was an officer of Buffalo Trust Co., in Buffalo New York at the time it, Buffalo Trust, lent Mining Inc. $500,000 in early 2004) together with Cooper and Coal fraudulently induced him into signing the guarantee and defrauded him into purchasing certain assets from Mining. Discussion Contracts are frequently utilized to bind an agreement among parties in order to make sure that the agreement is fulfilled. The complexity with contracts is that they provide the transacting parties an opening to credit to their support to the contract rather than to each other's reasonable or decent intentions. Consequently, contracts may keep a tight rein on interacting parties' enthusiasm or facility to judge each other as being generous or possessing reliability, and fundamental confidence may

Sport and media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Sport and media - Essay Example article, the features associated with athletes and the tone used in sports coverage and reports varies according to the ethnicity and race of an athlete. The researchers were guided by four hypotheses that were developed using previous knowledge on ethnicity and racial minorities in the news. Media exposure using race-related messages can provide advantages in terms of identity to whites or majority consumers. They are offered intergroup messages, which support White positive distinctiveness and self-concept. The first hypothesis is that minority athletes are usually overrepresented as criminals when compared to Whites. The second hypothesis is that minority athletes are usually characterized unfavorably than White athletes in the coverage of crime related sports news. The third hypothesis is that crimes associated with minority athletes will be characterized with negative consequences. The fourth hypothesis is that the presentation of crime related sports news varies according to the race of an athlete (Mastro, Bleacha & Seate, 2011). These researchers show that the manner in which athletes are portrayed in crime related news varies according to race. In this case, minority athletes, particularly Black athletes were overly represented as criminals. The researchers used a social identify framework in order to analyze the content in the newspapers systematically. Mastro, D., Bleacha, E., & Seate, A. (2011). Characterization of Criminal Athletes: A Systematic Examination of Sports News Depictions of Race and Crime. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 55, (4)

American Military Occupation of Japan (1945-1952) Changed Japans Term Paper

American Military Occupation of Japan (1945-1952) Changed Japans Political Institutions And Processes - Term Paper Example Japanese people religiously believed that they were superior, but when they started to think that the Americans regarded them as inferior creatures, the conflict has intensified. The attack in Pearl Harbor in 1941 and the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 were the major violent charges happened between the U.S. and Japan. After the atomic bombings, Japan has accepted its defeat, and Emperor Hirohito requested his military forces to submit to General Douglas MacArthur being the appointed Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) in Japan. The American conquerors occupied Japan from 1945-1952, and within these years, the relationship between the two countries was strengthened. In 1952, the Occupation authorities have returned Japan to the Japanese people; however, they make sure that Japanese leaders were already equipped with knowledge, dedication, and sincerity on their positions. Thus, they were already capable of bringing the country to success and not to demis e. Source: â€Å"Australia and Japan† Figure 1 illustrates the GDP of Japan after the American Occupation. It shows that Japan and the U.S. have equal footings in terms of GDP growth, but there is a reverse of growth on the 20th century. According to Hobbs and Dolan, â€Å"Japan’s special relationship with the United States boosted the economy long after the American occupation ended† (402). At present, the two countries are now very good friends and closest military allies. In fact, Prime Minister Naoto Kan said that the whole Japan is truly thankful for the U.S. unwavering support, and he further acknowledged the â€Å"importance of the U.S. military presence for the peace and security of the region† (Ito). The American people also felt... The Occupation has made Japan a strong democratic country and its basic objectives include the â€Å"abolition of militarism and ultra-national organizations in all forms; disarm and demilitarize Japan; strengthen democratic tendencies and processes in government†. When the Occupation started to dominate the country, the Westerners concluded that the change process would not be visible because people would not cooperate. However, Occupation authorities have been good to the Japanese people; in fact, they have been compassionate and did not abuse their power to show to them that they were not enemies, but friends who were willing to help. They have also emphasized that they could not enforce anything to Japan without their approval and support because democracy is all about freedom of expression. Thus, understanding, respect, and cooperation have been formed between the two countries. The American Military Occupation of Japan is very significant to the history of Japanese people, particularly to their political setting. Most of the reforms introduced during the Occupation are still intact until today; in fact, these are the reasons why Japan has become one of the most developed countries in the 20th century. Also, it helped Japanese leaders to regain the trust and confidence of their people, which was wasted during their surrender in 1945. Japan totally became a democratic country under the American conquerors, which had unlocked the gap between the two countries and became close allies in military and political matters. The Japanese people are very grateful to the American’s influence during the Occupation, and the American conquerors have appreciated the people’s willingness to accept their fate under their governance.

Changes to Assist in Immigration Integration

Changes to Assist in Immigration Integration To what extent will recent and proposed changes to the immigration system assist in successful integration of new immigrants? UK Immigration law has recently seen a metamorphic transition. The new Immigration Rules are now in full swing. It is inevitable that any system that is introduced for the first time will either be very beneficial in the successful integration of new immigrants or will have devastating consequences. The introduction of the Points Based System (PBS) for new immigrants seeking to work, train or study in the UK replaces the approximate 80 routes of doing either of the above under the present regime. These Immigration categories have now been streamlined into one single immigration system. Adopting the single system provides clarity in the law and secures a carefully controlled integration of new immigrants. The system is much more straightforward in application. New immigrants can easily ascertain whether they meet the necessary criteria for a particular visa, which will save them time and prevent wastage of costs. The PBS is divided into 5 Tiers. Tier 1 (General) took effect from June 2008.[1]. Tiers 2 5 have been in force since November 2008. Tier 3 has been temporarily suspended and Tier 4 aims to be incorporated by March 2009. Under each Tier, any prospective immigrant would need to score points in order to attain entry clearance. The points have been set by the Migration Advisory Committee. Instrumental to the PBS is the involvement of sponsorship[2]. Another change is the requirement of the entry clearance and the knowledge of the English Language. The objective of Tier 1 is aimed at Highly Skilled Workers (HSW) and the Post Study Work (PSW) schemes, which replaces the former Highly Skilled Migrant Programme, (HSMP) the International Graduates Scheme, (IGS) The Fresh Talent Working in Scotland Scheme and the rules for business-people and innovators, investors, writers, composers and artists[3]. This Tier has been formed in line with bringing in the, â€Å"brightest and the best†[4]. This is good news for some workers, particularly those that do wish to enter on the PSW. The PSW allows a new worker to remain in the country for a period of 2 years and will benefit from good quality training. Employers were previously reluctant to invest in resource training of new recruits who were required to leave the country after 12 months. The process under the old HSMP scheme and the new HSW scheme is very different. Points are given on a sliding scale against requirements such as a degree qualification. The new immigrant needs a score of 75 points or more in order to qualify on the scheme and additional 10 points for the knowledge of English. There is also requirement for those that apply outside the UK; that they must have a bank balance of  £2,800 and those within the UK must have  £800. The purpose is to ensure that the new immigrant is able to support him/herself up until the first salary is received and not be dependant upon Government resources. This minimum financial requirement may appear to be a hindrance for those residing outside the UK. Tier 1 was questioned where foreign Doctors are concerned in the BAPIO[5] case. The House of Lords held that the Department of Health guidance defeated a legitimate expectation held by Doctors in training on the previous HSMP that they would not be prevented from undertaking work. Tier 1 states that a doctor will not be able to undertake employment as a doctor in training up until entry clearance is granted. This is therefore, another procedural obstacle for a UK Immigrant. Tier 2 applies to skilled workers with a job offer and replaces the concept of work permits completely. A skilled foreign worker will obtain 50[6] points and this will depend upon factors such as the person already being in skilled work as well as having an earning capacity of  £24,000 or having a recognised qualification. One way for an immigrant to earn 50 points immediately will be if the UK employer in can show that they cannot fill the required skilled post with a British worker and that the job vacancy has been advertised in the UK. This leads onto the employer passing the Resident Labour Market Test, which refers to the job being in shortage occupation. Tier 2 does not include overseas qualified nurses and midwifes, ground staff of overseas owned airlines, exchange teachers, and language assistants. The list includes a wide range of professionals in the cross section of society, which does not help with the integration of new immigrants with these qualifications. In R v SSHD[7] the Judge raised a concern with the new law regarding highly skilled migrants and those immigrants who have already obtained entry clearance and have not secured a job will constitute as racial discrimination. The Home Office has incorporated the judgement. The previous rules will apply to those UK immigrants who have been adversely affected by the change in law. This is good news for those immigrants that fall under this category. Alongside Tier 2 is the requirement of the certificate of sponsorship which has to be issued to the prospective employer. Prior to this, the Company will have to firstly be registered with the UK Border Agency so that it can obtain a sponsorship license. Skilled workers will be discouraged from coming to the UK and if an organisation is called into question, if faces losing its license and any immigrant working would be required to leave the country within a period of 28 or 60 days. The procedure of carrying out this process is set to cause serious delay to the recruitment of key immigrants and employers will risk losing access to a pool of talent on an international level. Tier 4 only applies to students as overseas ‘adults’. The immigrant must pass a maintenance test and produce supporting documents such as educational qualifications. The long term plan for Autumn 2009 is the emergence of the an IT system to support the student visa route. Whether the overseas ‘adult’ option excludes a section of student is yet to be decided. Tier 5 is currently in existence where temporarily workers wish to come to the UK for primarily non-economic reasons. UK Immigrant must be awarded 30 points and savings of at least  £800. This again may be difficult for some workers who only essentially work on a ’temporary’ basis. The actual criteria to meet has not considerably changed but what has reformed is the legal process. This will have a negative affect on those immigrants that will want to appeal against the decisions and the Asylum Immigration Tribunal(AIT). The Government has produced a consultation paper[8], which proposes to revise the scope for Judicial Review, which will have the prevent the applicant’s right to appeal to the High Court, following a decision of the AIT. The law could deter new immigrants from applying and discriminates against highly skilled individuals who hold the qualifications but not the job to go with it or the financial standing . The law has already been ’tweaked’ in its initial stages that could open up the floodgates for UK immigrants to question other areas of the new law. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books 1. Clayton, G (2008) Immigration and Asylum Law (3rd Edition) Oxford University Press, Oxford 2.Jackson, D Warr, G, Cole, J.0., Middleton, J (2008) Immigration Law and Practice, (4th Edition) Tottel Publishing Journals/Articles Home Office Border Immigration Agency, (2008) The Path to Citizenship: next steps in reforming the Immigration System Home Office Border Immigration Agency (2008) Students under the Points Tier System -(Tier 4)- Implementation Plan Home Office UK Border Agency, Consultation: Immigration Appeals, Fair Decisions; Faster Justice, August 2008 Berry, M (2007) Are your employees eligible to work in the UK?-EEF, the manufacturers organisation Broadway House Tothill Street London Websites http://www.bia.homeoffice.gov.uk/ http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199238668/ -updates on Clayton, G (2008) Immigration on Asylum Law (3rd Edition) Oxford University Press, Oxford Legislation Immigration Rules Border Immigration Agency 2007 Case Law R (on the application of BAPIO Action Ltd another) v SSHD and another [2008] UKHL 27 R(on the application of HSMP Forum Ltd v SSHD [2008] EWHC 004 (Admin) Footnotes [1] Application and requirement methods set out HC321 [2] Tier 1 is exempt from this requirement. Under Tier 5, Youth Mobility, the Government will take the role of a sponsor. [3] Rule HC 607 [4] Home Office Border Immigration Agency, The Path to Citizenship: next steps in reforming the Immigration System, February 2008 [5] R (on the application of BAPIO Action Ltd another) v SSHD and another [2008] UKHL 27 [6] Immigration Rules -Appendix A [7] R(on the application of HSMP Forum Ltd v SSHD [2008] EWHC 004 (Admin) [8] Home Office UK Border Agency, Consultation: Immigration Appeals, Fair Decisions; Faster Justice, August 2008

Matilda :: Essays Papers

Matilda Squinting her eyes and concentrating very hard, Matilda managed to tip the glass of water over onto Miss Trunchbull, this being only the beginning of what was to happen next with her new found powers. Matilda, by Roald Dahl was creative and fun. I recommend it to anyone who is in for a little youthful adventure. It tells the story of a little girl with a horrible life. Her parents have no interest in her, and the Headmistress at her school is monstrous. Matilda deals with her problems by reading and learning mathematics. She is very bright and clever for a five year old. She soon discovers that she is able to move objects with her mind alone. Matilda’s parents are Mr. and Mrs. Wormwood. Being completely involved in the â€Å"Tele,† Mrs. Wormwood pays no attention to Matilda and what she has to say about anything. Mr. Wormwood, on the other hand, does nothing for Matilda except chastise her every move. Feeling unloved, Matilda turns to reading to keep her busy. Thinking that books are stupid, Mr. Wormwood calls her stupid and foolish for wasting her time on such things. Despite the verbal abuse from her parents, Matilda continues with her interests and does what she can to get back at her father for constantly denouncing her. For instance, she replaced his hair tonic with her mother’s hair dye, causing Mr. Wormwood’s hair to be turned a platinum blonde. On her first day of school, Matilda’s teacher Miss Honey becomes very interested in her abilities, wondering where the child picked up such an ability to solve complicated mathematical equations and read such great novels for a child her age. Miss Honey is a petite woman. She is timid towards her aunt, Miss Trunchbull, but can handle the first semester kids very well. Miss Trunchbull, a large intimidating woman, is very cold at heart. She was suspected of rubbing off Miss Honey’s father, Dr. Honey, and forged a will that gave her his house and left nothing for Miss Jennifer Honey. When Matilda was told about this, she became enthralled in helping out Miss Jennifer Honey with getting her house back. One day in class, the atrocious Miss Trunchbull was yelling at everyone because there was a newt in her water. She, of course, blamed the whole milestone on Matilda, who was innocent.

Job Satisfaction Among The Faculty Members Education Essay

It is difficult fact that the quality of instruction in any state depends upon the quality of the instructors. A high quality learning staff is the basis of a successful educational system. Attracting and retaining high quality instructors is a primary necessity for instruction in any state. One measure in developing a high quality module is to understand the factors associated with learning quality and keeping. One of these factors is occupation satisfaction, which has been studied widely by organisational research workers and has been linked to organisational committedness every bit good as to organisational public presentation. Job satisfaction is a complex variable and is influenced by situational factors of the occupation every bit good as the dispositional features of the person. It clearly shows that there are figure of factors which affect occupation satisfaction of module members. Though tonss of surveies has been done on the subject occupation satisfaction but still some work demand to be done, which is completed by this paper. The chief purpose of this paper is as to roll up all the factors impacting occupation satisfaction under one umbrella. This paper helps research bookmans to place some more factors which affect or may impact occupation satisfaction. Cardinal words: Job satisfaction, Recognition and Appreciation, Physical environment, Opportunities for publicity, Leadership manner.IntroductionJob Satisfaction comprises of two words â€Å" Job † and â€Å" Satisfaction † .A Before we define the phrase, it is of import to understand the word â€Å" satisfaction † . Satisfaction is defined as the fulfilment or satisfaction of a desire, demand, or appetite. Gratification is a province of being gratified or satisfied. Therefore, one can reason that â€Å" satisfaction † is an internal feeling and no sum of external pleasances or amenitiess can fulfill you unless you want â€Å" to experience † satisfied.A The term ‘Job Satisfaction ‘ , nevertheless, deficiencies adequate definition ( Herzberg et al. 1957 ) every bit good as a satisfactory theory about its significance. The difference in a wide spectrum of positions seems to be caused foremost by the assorted nature of occupations that persons perform ; secondly the effort to gestate occupation satisfaction in a assortment of ways by different subjects like Psychology, Sociology, Education and Management, etc. , and eventually, the assortment of methods employed by assorted research workers to analyze occupation satisfaction. In simple footings, the realisation of workers ‘ physical and psychological outlooks constitutes occupation satisfaction. An single joins an organisation with certain outlooks and when these outlooks come true the single becomes pleased with his/ her organisation and his/her occupation, and this increases his/her efficiency and public presentation ( Nelson & A ; Quick, 1995 ) . However, when these outlooks do non run into with work conditions, occupation satisfaction does non happen, and as a consequence ; the worker loses public presentation and efficiency and might even undermine the occupation or discontinue it. It is of import to forestall workers from experiencing disappointed and maximise their efficiency and public presentation by placing and modulating the factors that affect occupation satisfaction ( Noe, et Al. 1997 ) . Job satisfaction or dissatisfaction is the consequence of assorted attitudes, the individual holds towards his occupation, towards the related factors and towards life in general. Job satisfaction is reflected in the attitudes people hold towards their occupations, positive attitude towards the occupation connote satisfaction with it and negative attitudes towards it connote dissatisfaction with it. Therefore occupation satisfaction is the terminal province in feeling, attach toing the attainment by an urge of its aim. Job satisfaction is related to human demands and their fulfilment through work. In fact, occupation satisfaction is generated by the person ‘s perceptual experience of how good his occupation on the whole is fulfilling his assorted demands. The demand for satisfaction and satisfaction is a uninterrupted procedure. Job satisfaction at a point of clip depends upon the workers aspiration degree and grade of dissatisfaction he gets from his occupation. If the work state of affairs fulfills the desires of the employees, it is to be expected that their attitude be given to be favourable. In bend defeat ensuing from such desires, tends to bring forth unfavourable attitudes and perchance by a kind of concatenation reaction, ill will, hapless occupation public presentation, attending jobs, high turnover and other unwanted side effects. Harmonizing to Kochan ( 1978 ) , Job Satisfaction is the whole matrix of occupation factors that make a individual like his work state of affairs and is willing to caput for it without antipathy at the beginning of his work twenty-four hours. This means that Job satisfaction includes two facets: Life and basking the occupation and Traveling to one ‘s occupation with caput erect and smilings. Therefore Job satisfaction is a combination of psychological, physiological and environmental fortunes that cause a individual truthfully to state, â€Å" I am satisfied with my occupation † . Thus occupation satisfaction is a favourableness with which employees views their work.Importance of Job SatisfactionJob satisfaction has been the centre of the concentration for research workers over three decennaries. The grounds for such concentration are manifolds:To the worker1. Job satisfaction brings a enjoyable emotional province that can frequently leads to a positive work attitude. 2. A satisfied worker is more likely to be originative, flexible, advanced, and loyal. 3. A satisfied worker is more committed towards his organisation. 4. It improves their quality of life. 5. It improves their physical and mental wellness.For the organisation1. It improves the quality of work. 2. It improves the measure of production. 3. It improves the good will of the organisation. 4. It reduces the enlisting and preparation cost. 5. It creates peaceable working environment. 6. It attracts good endowment from exterior. Therefore, it is really of import for the organisation ‘s to do all the attempts to do their employees satisfied otherwise effects can be really bad. Following header explain the effects of low occupation satisfaction.Effectss of low Job SatisfactionHigh AbsenteeismAbsenteeism means it is a accustomed form of absence from responsibility or duty. When the employees are non satisfied from their work or organisation so they often remain more absent, which indicates non proper use of organisational resources. It is non good for the organisation hereafter and success. High low low High Job satisfact ion Rate of turnover and absences A Bacillus Fig.no. 1 Curve demoing relationship between occupation satisfaction and rate of turnover and absenteeism. In the above diagram line AB shows inverse relationship between occupation satisfaction and rate of turnover and rate of absenteeism. As the occupation satisfaction is high the rates of both turnover and absenteeism is low and vise a versa.2. High Employee turnoverIn human resource, Turnover refers to the rate at which an employer additions and losingss the staff. When the employees are non satisfied so they are more willing to discontinue the occupation and want to fall in another organisation. If the employer is said to be hold a high turnover rate of employees, so that company will hold shorter term of office than those of other companies.3. It increases enlisting and preparation cost additionsAs employees leave organisation due to miss of occupation satisfaction so Human resource director has to enroll new employees which increases the enlisting and preparation outgo of the company.4. Low ProductivenessIf the employee is non satisfied with his/her occupation so his/her productiveness lessenings and vice-versa.5. Poor quality of workIf the employee is non satisfied with his/her occupation so his/her productiveness decreases every bit good as he will non make bring forth merchandises of good quality.6. It ruins the Goodwill of the organisation.Low satisfaction forces the employees to discontinue and fall in new occupation. It ruins organisations good will.7. It ruins physical and mental wellness of people.Dissatisfaction with one time occupation may hold particularly volat ile spillover effects on many other things such as household life, leisure activities etc. Many unsolved personality jobs and maladjustments originate out of individual inability to happen satisfaction in his work. Both scientific survey and insouciant observation provide ample grounds that occupation satisfaction is of import for the psychological accommodation and happy life of single.Factors impacting Job satisfactionAs the clip changes the new factors impacting occupation Satisfaction are besides increasing at a high gait. Following are the factors which affect the occupation satisfaction of module members at changing grade.1. PayOne of the most of import intents to make a occupation is to gain money because it is money merely through which needs, demands can be fulfilled. If one gets a fine-looking wage by which one can afford the life may do occupation satisfaction. But if the wage can non bear 1s expenditure so one can non be satisfied with the wage. Findingss from several su rveies underline wage as one of the most of import factors act uponing one ‘s degree of occupation satisfaction. In a survey conducted by Herzberg ( 1959 ) , employees who are dissatisfied with their wage, is likely that they are besides dissatisfied with their work. Sometimes it has besides been found out that other occupation related factors are non satisfactory but wage is good, in these sort of state of affairss employees are willing to function the organisations merely because of good wage, which does n't accommodate the profession of a instructor.2. AppellationIt means appellation like lector, Senior Lecturer, Asst Professor, etc. Designation besides affects occupation satisfaction. If one is holds a rank harmonizing to his/her making, experience so it gives them satisfaction and vice-versa.3. Recognition & A ; AppreciationIt is human nature whatever we did we want shot for it, which gives us satisfaction. The same thing is applicable for instructors excessively. If they did some good work they want acknowledgment and grasp for the same. In a survey that was carried out in 23 Rumanian organisations, acknowledgment and grasp were found to be actuating factors responsible for increased effectivity of employees at work and their high degrees of occupation satisfaction ( Farhad Analoui, 1999 ) . When people are non recognized and appreciated they lose their willingness, involvement from work which reduces the quality of their work. Therefore, employees should be recognized and appreciated for their good work.4. Opportunity for PromotionPromotion means the opportunities for promotion in hierarchy. Everyone wants to win and wants to travel upwards in his/her calling ladder. Employee perceptual experiences about chance for publicity are besides another determiner that influences occupation satisfaction. When chance for publicity is available than it gives satisfaction to the employees and vice-versa. One study found that a sensed deficiency of publicity chances was the strongest ground why federal employees left authorities service ( U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board 1987 ) .5. Interpersonal RelationshipsMan is a societal animate being. She/he can non populate entirely they want company of others to pass clip, to bask life, to portion feelings. She/he wants good relationship with their supervisor, co-workers, colleagues and with everyone. Some surveies have shown that the better the relationship, between fellow workers and between workers and their immediate foreman, the greater the degree of occupation satisfaction ( Arne L. Kalleberg and Loscocco, 1983 ) .6. Demographic FactorsSurveies have shown that age, gender have of import effects on occupation satisfaction.a ) AgeAge besides play an of import in impacting occupation satisfaction. In the earlier surveies conducted by Kalleberg and Loscocco, ( 1983 ) older workers were more satisfied than younger workers. But in present s cenario it is seen that older employees are less satisfied in comparing to immature employees. It is because with the addition in the age and experience outlooks of senior module members are besides increasing. If they are non met it causes dissatisfaction.B ) GenderThe bulk of surveies that focus on module satisfaction have explored the relationship between satisfaction and gender. Most of these surveies have found that male module members have higher degrees of overall occupation satisfaction than female module members, peculiarly in footings of benefits and salary received ( Bilimoria et al. , 2006 ; Callister, 2006 ; Hult et al. , 2005 ; Olsen et al. , 1995 ; Settles et al. , 2006 ; Tack & A ; Patitu, 1992 ) . On the other manus, Ward and Sloane ( 2000 ) did non happen any important differences between male and female module members in overall degrees of occupation satisfaction. They did detect, nevertheless, that male module members had about three times the satisfaction degrees of female module members when it comes to promotion chances. Okpara et Al. ( 2005 ) and Oshagbemi ( 1997 ) found that female module members in higher academic ranks expressed more satisfaction with their occupations than their male equals.degree Celsius ) Marital Status and ChildrenMarital position and kids can besides impact module satisfaction. The consequences of surveies that explore the relationship between matrimony and module occupation satisfaction have yielded assorted consequences. On the one manus, matrimony has been shown to increase satisfaction degrees for module members ( Cetin, 2006 ; Hagedorn, 2000 ; Leung, Siu, & A ; Spector, 2000 ) . Yet, some surveies have shown that matrimony can hold a negative impact on module occupation satisfaction ( Aisenberg & A ; Harrington, 1988 ; Bryson, Bryson, & A ; Johnson, 1978 ) . Additionally, the presence of kids in the family has been found to impact occupation satisfaction. Carr and Ash ( 1998, p. 536 ) found that â€Å" adult females with kids published less, had slower self-perceived c alling advancement, and were less satisfied with their callings than were work forces with kids. †7. Engagement in determination devisingThe degree of satisfaction besides depends upon the sort of engagement in determination doing procedure of organisation. If determination devising procedure is participative so employees are satisfied and vice-versa.8. Support in research work.A instructor can be successful merely when he carries both undertaking together i.e. Teaching to the pupils and his research work. He can non make his research work successfully until and unless support is given by the college. If support is available from the college so it gives satisfaction to him/her. Furthermore, his research work brings celebrity to the college besides.9. Support in TeachingThe hereafter of the state is in the custodies of instructor. If the proper clip for talk readying, clip to maintain update about the current personal businesss is non given to the instructors so they can non gi ve fruitful talks, which at the same clip botch the clip of both instructor every bit good as pupils. This sort bringing of talks does non give them satisfaction. In order to give good talks proper clip should be given to the instructors which in return give them occupation satisfaction. Therefore, the organisations are required to supply sufficient burden to the instructors which helps them in keeping balance between different plants.10. Support for higher surveies.So many module members want to travel for higher surveies while staying in the occupation. They can accomplish their dream merely when college supports them and motivates them. If support is available from college side it provides satisfaction to employees and vive-versa.11. Equal Opportunities Working EnvironmentOther factors that affect one ‘s degrees of occupation satisfaction appear to be related to ethical issues and single differences. Workers prefer an equal chances environment where they will be respected i n footings of their race, faith, gender, educational background, physical disablement etc. An environment as such encourages workers to experience equal among them and contributes to occupation satisfaction ( Finchham & A ; Rhodes, 1994 ) 12. Opportunity to Use One ‘s Abilities God bestowed everyone with some abilities. At the same clip everyone wants to utilize his/her ability. If one is non given the chance to utilize his/her ability than one can non acquire satisfaction out of his occupation because he is wholly working under the direction of others. In simple words, employees by and large need and wish occupations that make usage of their abilities. ( National Commission on the State and Local Public Service, 1993 )13. Physical EnvironmentPhysical environment covers substructure of the edifice, category suites, furniture and other inside, instructors room, lavatories, specially, female instructors lavatories, computing machine installations, telephone, facsimile, communicating and location of the College, transit installation, etc. Physical environment is straight linked with occupation satisfaction. If one ‘s get favourable physical environment he or she may be satisfied with the occupation. Opposite is true that unfavourable working environment creates dissatisfaction.14. Academic makingAcademic making is the criterion of one ‘s academic background. Such making is asked for using any occupation. Geting occupation as per one ‘s academic making will fulfill him or her, on the other manus if some one ‘s occupation is inferior to his or her academic making brings dissatisfaction to him or her. So there is a direct relationship between occupation satisfaction and academic making.15. Leadership mannerThe sort of leading manner the employee gets besides affects his satisfaction. Head instructors who adopt individualistic manners of leading, for illustration may be considered to exercise really small influence on the college. Bigotry of the caput instructor or torment in the name of supervising by the senior instructors many clip cause dissatisfaction. Participative manner of leading is the best which provides satisfaction to workers.16. Handiness of foliages for go toing Seminars, Conferences and FDPs.In order t o be successful in his/her academic calling one demand to go to figure of seminars, conferences, Faculty Development Programs, Workshops, etc. In order to go to it one needs to take leave from college. If leave is available to go to them than it gives satisfaction to the module members and vice-versa. 17. Policy and Administration The policy and disposal of college besides influence the satisfaction. If policies are just and every bit applicable to all so it gives satisfaction and vice-versa. At the same clip if disposal is active in taking action so it gives satisfaction and vice-versa.18. Handiness of different sorts of leaveIn every organisation different sort of leave are available like insouciant leave, medical leave, survey leave, Maternity leave, etc. If there is transparence in the handiness of leave so it gives satisfaction to faculty members and vice-versa.19. Work itselfIt includes the extent to which the occupation provides the person with interesting undertakings, chances for acquisition, and the opportunity to accept duty. If these things are available so it causes satisfaction and vice-versa.20. Quality of pupilsAnother really of import factor which affects the satisfaction of instructors is the sort of pupils available for learning. If the pupils are really dull and do non inquire any cross inq uiry that it creates dissatisfaction among the module members and if the pupils are of good I.Q and inquire good inquiries from instructors than it gives satisfaction among the instructors as good do the category interactive and interesting.21. Feedback and its communicatingIf the feedback is given to the module members from clip to clip so it is easy for them to rectify it and do them better instructor and gives them satisfaction. Furthermore it is every bit of import how their feedback is communicated. If the feedback is positive so it must be appreciated in forepart of others and if it is negative it must be communicated personally so that the person should non experience humiliated. If it happens so the individual is non satisfied from his/her occupation.22. Handiness of clip to rede the pupils.It is the moral responsibility of the instructors to supply full satisfaction to its pupils by assisting them and work outing their questions to the Fuller extent. If clip is non availabl e to the instructors to work out the pupil ‘s questions due to talk burden or due to some other college duty so it causes dissatisfaction among them and botch their image excessively and vice-versa.23. Working HourssToday ‘s coevals before taking occupation gives equal focal point on working hours excessively. If on the job hours are excessively long than personal life disturbs which in return affect professional life excessively. The same thing is applicable in faculty members excessively. If on the job hours are excessively long than instructors do non hold the clip for their household every bit good as to fix following twenty-four hours talk which reduces their satisfaction degree. 24. Freedom to take methods of learning It means the chance to utilize ain methods of instructions. If instructors are bound to learn the pupils in a peculiar manner like through Projector, OHP, etc so they are non satisfied because everyone wants to utilize his/her ain method to learn the pupils and frailty versa.25. FlexibilityToday ‘s clip, demand and outlooks of people has alterations a batch. Now people want flexibleness in their working form. It means now instructors want when they have their scheduled talk they come to the college and deliver and leave every bit shortly as it gets over and after finishing their other work. If such sort of installation is available so it causes satisfaction to them and vice-versa.26. CultureIt is the civilization merely which distinguish the one organisation from other. It is besides fact that civilization of the organisation plays a really of import function in act uponing the occupation satisfaction of workers. Organizational civilization here it means college civilization. O rganizational civilization is the societal gum that binds members of the organisation together. The relationship between superior and low-level, determination devising, deputation of authorization, types of leading, and bureaucratic power are portion of organisational civilization. Job satisfaction is related to these standards. If all these things are impersonal or positive so it gives satisfaction to employees or vice-versa. 27. Library installations In order to learn rich content a teacher demand to confer with good figure to books. The teacher satisfaction degree besides depends upon how much book installation is given to them from the college side. If instructors are given full freedom to entree any figure of books, diaries so their satisfaction degree will be higher and vice-versa.28. Social positionThe sort the societal position your college will supply besides affects the satisfaction degree of instructors. If one is working in a really reputed college so his satisfaction will be higher in comparing to others.29. Personal LifeIt has direct nexus with occupation satisfaction. If a individual is happy and satisfied in his personal life than he enjoys making his occupation excessively which gives his occupation satisfaction.30. Transportation system installationsIf the transit installation is available to the instructors so it gives them satisfaction and frailty versa.31. Job SecurityJob security means keeping a occupation tha t provides a safe hereafter. Everyone wants security of his/her occupation. If one is secure about his hereafter than it is easy for him/her to concentrate on his/her occupation good, which in return give them satisfaction. Ashford et al. , ( 1989 ) examined the impact of occupation insecurity on organizational committedness and occupation satisfaction and found that occupation insecurity is leads to cut down satisfaction and committedness. There is besides grounds were occupation insecurity reduces occupation public presentation ( Rosow & A ; Zager, 1985 ) .DecisionFrom the above informations it can be concluded that there are figure of factors which causes satisfaction and dissatisfaction to faculty members. But there is no standard factor which affect all at the same time. Their impact is changing from individual to individual. It happens that the factor which causes dissatisfaction to one may do satisfaction to other or does non impact him at all. At the same clip these factors are non limited. There can be more factors which open more avenues research.

Frostbite Chapter 12

Twelve I WAS OUT OF BED in a flash. We found the entire lodge abuzz with the news. People clustered in small groups in the halls. Family members sought each other out. Some conversations were conducted in terrified whispers; some were loud and easy to overhear. I stopped a few people, trying to get the story straight. Everyone had a different version of what had happened, though, and some wouldn't even pause to talk. They hurried past, either seeking out loved ones or preparing to leave the resort, convinced there might be a safer place elsewhere. Frustrated with the differing stories, I finally- reluctantly- knew I had to seek out one of the two sources who would give me solid information. My mother or Dimitri. It was like flipping a coin. I wasn't really thrilled with either one of them right now. I debated momentarily and finally decided on my mother, seeing as how she wasn't getting it on with Tasha Ozera. The door to my mother's room was ajar, and as Lissa and I entered, I saw that a sort of makeshift headquarters had been established here. Lots of guardians were milling around, moving in and out, and discussing strategy. A few gave us odd looks, but no one stopped or questioned us. Lissa and I slid onto a small sofa to listen to a conversation my mother was having. She stood with a group of guardians, one of whom was Dimitri. So much for avoiding him. His brown eyes glanced at me briefly and I averted my gaze. I didn't want to deal with my troubled feelings for him right now. Lissa and I soon discerned the details. Eight Moroi had been killed along with their five guardians. Three Moroi were missing, either dead or turned Strigoi. The attack hadn't really happened near here; it had been somewhere in northern California. Nonetheless, a tragedy like this couldn't help but reverberate within the Moroi world, and for some, two states away was far too close. People were terrified, and I soon learned what in particular made this attack so notable. â€Å"There had to be more than last time,† said my mother. â€Å"More?† exclaimed one of the other guardians. â€Å"That last group was unheard of. I still can't believe nine Strigoi managed to work together- you expect me to believe they managed to get more organized still?† â€Å"Yes,† snapped my mother. â€Å"Any evidence of humans?† someone else asked. My mother hesitated, then: â€Å"Yes. More broken wards. And the way it was all conducted†¦it's identical to the Badica attack.† Her voice was hard, but there was a kind of weariness in it, too. It wasn't physical exhaustion, though. It was mental, I realized. Strain and hurt over what they were talking about. I always thought of my mother as some sort of unfeeling killing machine, but this was clearly hard for her. It was a hard, ugly matter to discuss- but at the same time, she was tackling it without hesitation. It was her duty. A lump formed in my throat that I quickly swallowed down. Humans. Identical to the Badica attack. Ever since that massacre, we'd extensively analyzed the oddity of such a large group of Strigoi teaming up and recruiting humans. We'd spoken in vague terms about â€Å"if something like this ever happens again †¦Ã¢â‚¬  But no one had seriously talked about this group- the Badica killers- doing it again. One time was a fluke- maybe a bunch of Strigoi had happened to gather and impulsively decided to go on a raid. It was horrible, but we could write that off. But now†¦now it looked as though that group of Strigoi hadn't been a random occurrence. They'd united with purpose, utilized humans strategically, and had attacked again. We now had what could be a pattern: Strigoi actively seeking out large groups of prey. Serial killings. We could no longer trust the protective magic of the wards. We couldn't even trust sunlight. Humans could move around in the day, scouting and sabotaging. The light was no longer safe. I remembered what I'd said to Dimitri at the Badica house: This changes everything, doesn't it? My mother flipped through some papers on a clipboard. â€Å"They don't have forensic details yet, but the same number of Strigoi couldn't have done this. None of the Drozdovs or their staff escaped. With five guardians, seven Strigoi would have been preoccupied- at least temporarily- for some to escape. We're looking at nine or ten, maybe.† â€Å"Janine's right,† said Dimitri. â€Å"And if you look at the venue†¦it's too big. Seven couldn't have covered it.† The Drozdovs were one of the twelve royal families. They were large and prosperous, not like Lissa's dying clan. They had plenty of family members to go around, but obviously, an attack like this was still horrible. Furthermore, something about them tickled my brain. There was something I should remember †¦ something I should know about the Drozdovs. While part of my mind puzzled that out, I watched my mother with fascination. I'd listened to her tell her stories. I'd seen and felt her fight. But really, truly, I'd never seen her in action in a real-life crisis. She showed every bit of that hard control she did around me, but here, I could see how necessary it was. A situation like this created panic. Even among the guardians, I could sense those who were so keyed up that they wanted to do something drastic. My mother was a voice of reason, a reminder that they had to stay focused and fully assess the situation. Her composure calmed everybody; her strong manner inspired them. This, I realized, was how a leader behaved. Dimitri was just as collected as she was, but he deferred to her to run things. I had to remind myself sometimes that he was young as far as guardians went. They discussed the attack more, how the Drozdovs had been having a belated Christmas party in a banquet hall when they were attacked. â€Å"First Badicas, now Drozdovs,† muttered one guardian. â€Å"They're going after royals.† â€Å"They're going after Moroi,† said Dimitri flatly. â€Å"Royal. Non-royal. It doesn't matter.† Royal. Non-royal. I suddenly knew why the Drozdovs were important. My spontaneous instincts wanted me to jump up and ask a question right now, but I knew better. This was the real deal. This was no time for irrational behavior. I wanted to be as strong as my mother and Dimitri, so I waited for the discussion to end. When the group started to break up, I leapt up off the sofa and pushed my way toward my mother. â€Å"Rose,† she said, surprised. Like in Stan's class, she hadn't noticed me in the room. â€Å"What are you doing here?† It was such a stupid question, I didn't try to answer it. What did she think I was doing here? This was one of the biggest things to happen to the Moroi. I pointed to her clipboard. â€Å"Who else was killed?† Irritation wrinkled her forehead. â€Å"Drozdovs.† â€Å"But who else?† â€Å"Rose, we don't have time- â€Å" â€Å"They had staff, right? Dimitri said non-royals. Who were they?† Again, I saw the weariness in her. She took these deaths hard. â€Å"I don't know all the names.† Flipping through a few pages, she turned the clipboard toward me. â€Å"There.† I scanned the list. My heart sank. â€Å"Okay,† I told her. â€Å"Thanks.† Lissa and I left them to go about their business. I wished I could have helped, but the guardians ran smoothly and efficiently on their own; they had no need for novices underfoot. â€Å"What was that about?† asked Lissa, once we were heading back to the main part of the lodge. â€Å"The Drozdovs' staff,† I said. â€Å"Mia's mom worked for them†¦.† Lissa gasped. â€Å"And?† I sighed. â€Å"And her name was on the list.† â€Å"Oh God.† Lissa stopped walking. She stared off into space, blinking back tears. â€Å"Oh God,† she repeated. I moved in front of her and placed my hands on her shoulders. She was shaking. â€Å"It's okay,† I said. Her fear came to me in waves, but it was a numbed fear. Shock. â€Å"This is going to be okay.† â€Å"You heard them,† she said. â€Å"There's a band of Strigoi organizing and attacking us! How many? Are they coming here?† â€Å"No,† I said firmly. I had no evidence of that, of course. â€Å"We're safe here.† â€Å"Poor Mia †¦Ã¢â‚¬  There was nothing I could say to that. I thought Mia was an absolute bitch, but I wouldn't wish this on anyone, not even my worst enemy- which, technically, she was. Immediately, I corrected that thought. Mia wasn't my worst enemy. I couldn't bear to leave Lissa's side for the rest of the day. I knew there were no Strigoi lurking in the lodge, but my protective instincts ran too strong. Guardians protected their Moroi. Like usual, I also worried about her being anxious and upset, so I did my best to diffuse those feelings. The other guardians provided reassurance for Moroi too. They didn't walk side by side with the Moroi, but they reinforced lodge security and stayed in constant communication with guardians at the scene of the attack. Information flowed in all day about the grisly specifics, as well as speculation about where the band of Strigoi was. Little of this was shared with novices, of course. While the guardians did what they did best, the Moroi also did what they- unfortunately- did best: talk. With so many royals and other important Moroi at the lodge, a meeting was organized that night to discuss what had happened and what might be done in the future. Nothing official would be decided here; the Moroi had a queen and a governing council elsewhere for those types of decisions. Everyone knew, though, that opinions gathered here would make their way up the chain of command. Our future safety could very well depend on what was discussed in this meeting. It was held in an enormous banquet hall inside the lodge, one with a podium and plenty of seating. Despite the businesslike atmosphere, you could tell this room had been designed for things other than meetings about massacres and defense. The carpet had the texture of velvet and showed an ornate floral design in shades of silver and black. The chairs were made of black polished wood and had high backs, clearly intended for fancy dining. Paintings of long-dead Moroi royalty hung on the walls. I stared briefly at one of a queen whose name I didn't know. She wore an old-fashioned dress- too heavy on lace for my tastes- and had pale hair like Lissa's. Some guy I didn't know was in charge of moderating and stood at the podium. Most of the royals on hand gathered at the front of the room. Everyone else, including students, took seats wherever they could. Christian and Mason had found Lissa and me by that point, and we all started to sit in the back when Lissa suddenly shook her head. â€Å"I'm going to sit in the front.† The three of us stared at her. I was too dumbfounded to probe her mind. â€Å"Look.† She pointed. â€Å"The royals are sitting up there, sitting by family.† It was true. Members of the same clans had clustered near each other: Badicas, Ivashkovs, Zekloses, etc. Tasha sat there as well, but she was by herself. Christian was the only other Ozera there. â€Å"I need to be up there,† said Lissa. â€Å"No one expects you to be there,† I told her. â€Å"I have to represent the Dragomirs.† Christian scoffed. â€Å"It's all a bunch of royal bullshit.† Her face set into a determined expression. â€Å"I need to be up there.† I opened myself up to Lissa's feelings and liked what I found. She'd spent most of the day quiet and afraid, much as she had when we'd found out about Mia's mom. That fear was within her still, but it was overpowered by a steady confidence and determination. She recognized that she was one of the ruling Moroi, and as much as the idea of roving bands of Strigoi scared her, she wanted to do her part. â€Å"You should do it,† I said softly. I also liked the idea of her defying Christian. Lissa met my eyes and smiled. She knew what I had sensed. A moment later, she turned to Christian. â€Å"You should join your aunt.† Christian opened his mouth to protest. If not for the horribleness of the situation, seeing Lissa order him around would have been funny. He was always stubborn and difficult; those who tried to push him didn't succeed. Watching his face, I saw the same realization I'd had about Lissa come over him. He liked seeing her strong too. He pressed his lips together in a grimace. â€Å"Okay.† He caught her hand, and the two of them walked off toward the front. Mason and I sat down. Just before things started, Dimitri sat down on the other side of me, hair tied behind his neck and the leather coat draping around him as he settled in the chair. I glanced at him in surprise but said nothing. There were few guardians at this gathering; most were too busy doing damage control. It would figure. There I was, stuck between both of my men. The meeting kicked off shortly thereafter. Everyone was eager to talk about how they thought the Moroi should be saved, but really, two theories got the most attention. â€Å"The answer's all around us,† said one royal, once he'd been given leave to speak. He stood by his chair and looked around the room. â€Å"Here. In places like this lodge. And St. Vladimir's. We send our children to safe places, places where they have safety in numbers and can be easily guarded. And look how many of us made it here, children and adults alike. Why don't we live this way all the time?† â€Å"Plenty of us already do,† someone shouted back. The man waved that off. â€Å"A couple of families here and there. Or a town with a large Moroi population. But those Moroi are still decentralized. Most don't pool their resources- their guardians, their magic. If we could emulate this model†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He spread his hands out. â€Å"†¦ we'd never have to worry about Strigoi again.† â€Å"And Moroi could never interact with the rest of the world again,† I muttered. â€Å"Well, until humans discovered secret vampire cities sprouting up in the wilderness. Then we'd have lots of interactions.† The other theory about how to protect the Moroi involved fewer logistical problems but had greater personal impact- particularly for me. â€Å"The problem is simply that we don't have enough guardians.† This plan's advocate was some woman from the Szelsky clan. â€Å"And so, the answer is simple: get more. The Drozdovs had five guardians, and that wasn't enough. Only six to protect over a dozen Moroi! That's unacceptable. It's no wonder these kinds of things keep happening.† â€Å"Where do you propose getting more guardians from?† asked the man who'd been in favor of Moroi banding together. â€Å"They're kind of a limited resource.† She pointed to where I and a few other novices sat. â€Å"We've got plenty already. I've watched them train. They're deadly. Why are we waiting until they turn eighteen? If we accelerated the training program and focused more on combat training than bookwork, we could turn out new guardians when they're sixteen.† Dimitri made a sound low in his throat that didn't seem happy. Leaning forward, he placed his elbows on his knees and rested his chin in his hands, eyes narrowed in thought. â€Å"Not only that, we have plenty of potential guardians going to waste. Where are all the dhampir women? Our races are intertwined. The Moroi are doing their part to help the dhampirs survive. Why aren't these women doing theirs? Why aren't they here?† A long, sultry laugh came as an answer. All eyes turned toward Tasha Ozera. Whereas many of the other royals had dressed up, she was easy and casual. She wore her usual jeans, a white tank top that showed a bit of midriff, and a blue, lacy knit cardigan that came to her knees. Glancing at the moderator, she asked, â€Å"May I?† He nodded. The Szelsky woman sat down; Tasha stood up. Unlike the other speakers, she strode right up to the podium, so she could be clearly seen by everyone. Her glossy black hair was pulled back into a ponytail, completely exposing her scars in a way I suspected was intentional. Her face was bold and defiant. Beautiful. â€Å"Those women aren't here, Monica, because they're too busy raising their children- you know, the ones you want to start sending out to the fronts as soon as they can walk. And please don't insult us all by acting like the Moroi do a huge favor to the dhampirs by helping them reproduce. Maybe it's different in your family, but for the rest of us, sex is fun. The Moroi doing it with dhampirs aren't really making that big of a sacrifice.† Dimitri had straightened up now, his expression no longer angry. Probably he was excited that his new girlfriend had mentioned sex. Irritation shot through me, and I hoped that if I had a homicidal look on my face, people would assume it was for Strigoi and not the woman currently addressing us. Beyond Dimitri, I suddenly noticed Mia sitting by herself, farther down the row. I hadn't realized she was here. She was slumped in her seat. Her eyes were red-rimmed, her face paler than usual. A funny ache burned in my chest, one I'd never expected her to bring about. â€Å"And the reason we're waiting for these guardians to turn eighteen is so that we can allow them to enjoy some pretense of a life before forcing them to spend the rest of their days in constant danger. They need those extra years to develop mentally as well as physically. Pull them out before they're ready, treat them like they're parts on an assembly line- and you're just creating Strigoi fodder.† A few people gasped at Tasha's callous choice of words, but she succeeded in getting everyone's attention. â€Å"You create more fodder still if you try making the other dhampir women become guardians. You can't force them into that life if they don't want it. This entire plan of yours to get more guardians relies on throwing children and the unwilling into harm's way, just so you can- barely- stay one step ahead of the enemy. I would have said it's the stupidest plan I've ever heard, if I hadn't already had to listen to his.† She pointed at the first speaker, the one who had wanted Moroi compounds. Embarrassment clouded his features. â€Å"Enlighten us then, Natasha,† he said. â€Å"Tell us what you think we should do, seeing as you have so much experience with Strigoi.† A thin smile played on Tasha's lips, but she didn't rise to the insult. â€Å"What do I think?† She strode closer to the stage's front, gazing at us as she answered his question. â€Å"I think we should stop coming up with plans that involve us relying on someone or something to protect us. You think there are too few guardians? That's not the problem. The problem is there are too many Strigoi. And we've let them multiply and become more powerful because we do nothing about them except have stupid arguments like this. We run and hide behind the dhampirs and let the Strigoi go unchecked. It's our fault. We are the reason those Drozdovs died. You want an army? Well, here we are. Dhampirs aren't the only ones who can learn to fight. The question, Monica, isn't where the dhampir women are in this fight. The question is: Where are we?† Tasha was shouting by now, and the exertion turned her cheeks pink. Her eyes shone with her impassioned feelings, and when combined with the rest of her pretty features- and even with the scar- she made a striking figure. Most people couldn't take their eyes off her. Lissa watched Tasha with wonder, inspired by her words. Mason looked hypnotized. Dimitri looked impressed. And farther past him †¦ Farther past him was Mia. Mia no longer hunched in her chair. She was sitting up straight, straight as a stick, her eyes as wide as they could go. She stared at Tasha as though she alone held all the answers to life. Monica Szelsky looked less awed, and she fixed her gaze on Tasha. â€Å"Surely you aren't suggesting the Moroi fight alongside the guardians when the Strigoi come?† Tasha regarded her levelly. â€Å"No. I'm suggesting the Moroi and the guardians go fight the Strigoi before they come.† A guy in his twenties who looked like a Ralph Lauren spokesmodel shot up. I would have wagered money he was royal. No one else could have afforded blond highlights that perfect. He untied an expensive sweater from around his waist and draped it over the back of his chair. â€Å"Oh,† he said in a mocking voice, speaking out of turn. â€Å"So, you're going to just give us clubs and stakes and send us off to do battle?† Tasha shrugged. â€Å"If that's what it takes, Andrew, then sure.† A sly smile crossed her pretty lips. â€Å"But there are other weapons we can learn to use, too. Ones the guardians can't.† The look on his face showed how insane he thought that idea was. He rolled his eyes. â€Å"Oh yeah? Like what?† Her smile turned into a full-fledged grin. â€Å"Like this.† She waved her hand, and the sweater he'd placed on the back of his chair burst into flames. He yelped in surprise and knocked it to the floor, stamping it out with his feet. There was a brief, collective intake of breath throughout the room. And then †¦ chaos broke out.

American World War essays

American World War essays Americans fought very had to receive their independence from England. Their determination of self-rule was evident from the very beginning. From early settlement, the colonists gave evidence to this determination. The increase in control of England increased their desire to be treated fairly as English citizens, but England did not give them the feeling of fair treatment. Ever since the beginnings of settlement, England and America had been growing apart. England was still an aristocracy, ruled by men born and bred to a high station in life. The society was one of culture and refinement. Deprived of abundant opportunity at home, the common people accepted a position of dependence rather than independence. But in America, things had gone differently. The society was rather democratic. There were no lords or hereditary officers. The wilderness had attracted men of independent spirit, and the stern conditions of the frontier had bred self-reliance and self-respect. The New World made men enterprising, energetic, and aggressive. The distance between the colonists and England was as equally wide as their political thinking. British statesmen believed that Parliament had complete authority over the colonies. It could make laws for them, tax them and even abolish their elected assemblies. But, patriot leaders in America denied all this. They believed Parliament was bound to respect certain natural rights of man. The colonists did not think Parliament represented them, therefore they did not respect the taxes it imposed. The English leaders, on the other hand, thought members of Parliament looked after the best interests of the whole empire. People all over the world believe that government protects life, liberty, and property. Were it not for government, the world would soon run into all manner of disorders and confusions, (136,Text). The idea that stable and enlightened government could be achieved by ...